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Off-roading hand signals and trail etiquette

Group of ATV riders in a forest
Group of ATV riders in a forest
Author Jason Lam
Associate Director of Data Analytics – Dairyland
November 14, 2024|

0 min. read

Are you ready to experience the thrill of an off-roading adventure? Before you rev up, it's essential to learn the unspoken language of the off-road community. In this guide, we’ll cover key hand signals and trail etiquette tips to help keep you safe and ensure everyone enjoys the ride.

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Why hand signals matter

In off-roading, your usual means of communication might fall short. Engine noise, distance, and lack of cell service can make it difficult to convey important information verbally. That’s where hand signals become invaluable. These universal signals enable off-roaders to communicate quickly, clearly, and effectively with other drivers.

Essential off-roading hand signals

Safe off-roading relies on clear coordination. Hand signals are fairly universal, so even new riders can recognize basics like stop, slow, and obstacle. Practicing with your group builds confidence, especially for challenging trails.

1. Stop

ATV rider giving the stop signal
  • Signal: Raise left arm toward the sky with a closed fist facing forward

  • Meaning: Halt immediately

2. Go

ATV rider giving the let's go signal
  • Signal: Point your arm forward in the direction you want the group to move

  • Meaning: Proceed forward

3. Come

ATV rider giving the come closer signal
  • Signal: Point your arm towards yourself, motioning for the group to come closer

  • Meaning: Proceed closer

4. Slow down

ATV rider giving the slow down signal
  • Signal: Arm extended perpendicular to your body, palm facing down, moving up and down

  • Meaning: Reduce your speed

5. Speed up

ATV rider giving the speed up signal
  • Signal: Arm extended perpendicular to your body, palm facing up, moving up and down

  • Meaning: Increase your speed

6. Turn left/right

ATV rider giving the left turn signal
  • Signal: Arm extended straight out to the left or right

  • Meaning: Indicates the direction to turn

7. Oncoming vehicle

ATV rider giving the yield signal
  • Signal: Arm raised toward the sky, palm facing forward, fingers spread

  • Meaning: Warning of an approaching vehicle

8. Obstacle ahead

ATV rider giving the obstacle ahead signal
  • Signal: Point to the ground where the hazard lies

  • Meaning: Warning of an obstacle, like a large rock or fallen tree

9. Last vehicle in line

ATV rider giving the last rider signal
  • Signal: Arm extended high with thumb up

  • Meaning: Indicates to riders outside your group that you’re the last in the group

Adapting communication for group riding

Hand signals are crucial for communication while off-roading, but certain situations may require different approaches when riding in a group. Here’s what you should know to effectively adapt to certain circumstances:

Group-specific signals

Before setting out, check if your group has unique signals for specific situations. Core signals like stop and slow down are common, but some groups use special shorthand for certain trail scenarios.

Mirror communication

Mirrors help riders at the front monitor those behind them, especially where hand signals are hard to spot. While they don’t replace signals, mirrors add extra awareness for group cohesion.

Night riding adaptations

Hand signals are tough to see at night, so riders often use brief light flashes. Flashing headlights or tapping brake lights can signal stop or slow down.

Pace signals

Some groups use gestures to adjust group speed. A “patting the air” motion can slow everyone down, while a forward thumbs-up signals the group to speed up.

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Trail etiquette: The unwritten rules of off-roading

Now that we’ve covered hand signals, let’s talk about trail etiquette. Following these guidelines can create a positive experience for everyone on the trail.

Respect the environment

Elk near an ATV trail

Off-roading is all about enjoying nature, so it’s our responsibility to help protect it. Here’s how to minimize your impact:

  • Stay on designated trails

  • Pack out what you pack in

  • Avoid disturbing wildlife

  • Use established campsites and fire rings when available

  • Limit noise pollution, especially around wildlife areas

Yield to others

Hikers in the mountains

Just like on the road, trails have a right-of-way hierarchy. Remember to:

  • Yield to uphill traffic, which has the right of way over downhill traffic

  • Allow larger, less maneuverable vehicles (like 4x4s) to go ahead of smaller, more agile vehicles

  • Give right of way to hikers and bikers

Be prepared

First aid, snacks, and water bottle

Nothing ruins a day on the trails faster than being unprepared. Here’s what to pack to help ensure a safe and comfortable trip:

  • Essential recovery gear (winch, tow straps, etc.)

  • Water and snacks

  • First-aid kit

  • Reliable communication for emergencies (satellite phone or radio)

  • Detailed map and a compass (don’t rely solely on GPS)

  • Sunscreen and bug spray

Drive responsibly

ATV speed limit sign in wilderness

Off-roading can be thrilling, but safety should always come first. Make sure to:

  • Know your vehicle’s capabilities and limitations

  • Follow posted speed signs—and, if there are none, drive at a speed matching the terrain and conditions

  • Use a spotter when navigating tough obstacles

  • Never drink and drive (yes, this applies to off-roading, too!)

Be courteous to others

ATV rider after accident

Kindness goes a long way on the trails. To maintain a friendly environment:

  • Minimize dust when passing other vehicles

  • Use headlights in low-visibility conditions

  • Offer help to fellow off-roaders in need

  • Keep noise levels reasonable, especially in populated areas

The off-roading community: We’re all in this together

One of the best things about off-roading is the camaraderie it brings. By following these hand signals and etiquette guidelines, you’re not only helping yourself and your fellow riders stay safe, you’re also contributing to a positive experience for everyone on the trails.

Ready for adventure?

Now that you’re familiar with off-roading hand signals and trail etiquette, you’re ready for your next adventure. Whether you ride ATVs, UTVs, dirt bikes, or snowmobiles, protecting yourself and your vehicle with off-road insurance is worth it. At Dairyland®, a brand of the Sentry Insurance Group, we understand riders like you and offer coverage that lets you ride with confidence.

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